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What is Rh- Factor (Rhesus antigens) Rh positive and Rh Negative?
Rh- Factor (Rhesus antigens) Landsteiner and Wiener discovered in 1940 that the surface of human RBCs contains a protein that is also found in the RBCs of Rhesus monkeys. So it was termed as Rh antigen or Rh factor . Those persons who have this factor are called Rh+ Positive and those person who have no this factor are called Rh- Negative . Both Rh-Positive and Rh-Negative persons are quite normal. The problem arises when Rh Negative blood comes in contact with Rh Positive blood either due to blood transfusion or during pregnancy. Incompatibility During Blood Transfusion The Rh Negative blood can be given safely to an Rh positive individual . When Rh positive blood is transfused into Rh negative person, the recipient forms antibodies in his/her blood. However, no complications develop after the first transfusion. In case of a second transfusion of R h positive blood to an Rh negative person, the latter's anti- Rh factors attack and destroy the donors red blood cells...
Vapour Pressure of Liquid Solutions
Vapour pressure can be defined as pressure formed by the vapor of the liquid (or solid) over the surface of the liquid. This pressure is formed in a thermodynamic equilibrium state in a closed container at a certain temperature. Liquid’s evaporation rate is identified by the equilibrium vapor pressure. Vapour pressure increases with the temperature. The boiling point of the liquid is the point when the pressure exerted by surrounding equals to the pressure exerted by vapor. In this chapter, we will study more about the Vapour Pressure on liquids and its characteristics. Vapour pressure of Liquid - Liquid Solutions To evaluate this, we need to take two volatile liquid solutions. Let us name their liquid components as A and B. After placing the volatile liquid with their components in a closed vessel, we find that equilibrium establishes between the liquid phase and vapour phase. Suppose P total is the overall vapour pressure at an equilibrium state and let P ...